Optimizing Phytochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Balangu (Lallemantia iberica) by Foliar Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Myco-Root Inoculation under Water Supply Restrictions

Balangu is a medicinal plant used in the Iranian traditional medicine to treat nervous, hepatic and renal diseases. To determine effects of Myco-Root biofertilizer chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) on physiological biochemical properties balangu (Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) under different irrigation levels, an experiment was laid out as factorial based completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve treatments three replications. The first factor represented by regimes, including no water deficit (90% FC), mild (60% FC) severe (30% FC); second included control (no Cs-NPs), inoculation biofertilizer, foliar application co-application Cs-NPs along Myco-Root. results showed that highest fresh dry weight, chlorophyll carotenoid content, index (SPAD) fluorescence indices were obtained 90% FC treated Cs-NPs+ In addition, maximum activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (POX) achieved 60% Moreover, essential oil content (1.43%) yield (0.25 g pot−1) recorded following Chemical analysis germacrene D (31.22–39.77%), (E)-caryophyllene (16.28–19.82%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1–9.22%) caryophyllene oxide (3.85–6.96%) major volatile constituents balangu. Interestingly, contents after Overall, it can be concluded could sustainable eco-friendly strategy for improving quantity quality, well characteristics, conditions.